用于颜料分散的助剂。一般是表面活性剂。
Auxiliaries for dispersing pigments. Surfactants are generally used.
分散剂通常含有锚固基团和溶剂化链。锚固基团和颜料相互作用，吸附在颜料表面。而溶剂化链为颜料提供稳定性，通常溶剂化链的稳定作用有产生电荷斥力或空间位阻，从而防止颜料产生有害絮凝，使分散体系处在稳定状态。
Dispersants usually contain anchoring groups and solvation chains. The anchoring groups interact with the pigments and are adsorbed on the surface of the pigments. Solvation chains provide stability for pigments. Generally, the stabilization of solvation chains produces charge repulsion or steric hindrance, which prevents harmful flocculation of pigments and stabilizes the dispersion system.
常用的颜料分散剂可分为离子型和非离子型。离子型又可分为阳离子型、阴离子型和两性。
Commonly used pigment dispersants can be divided into ionic and non-ionic types. Ionic type can be divided into cationic type, anionic type and amphoteric type.
涂料中常用的颜料分散剂有合成高分子类、多价羧酸类、偶联剂类等。
The commonly used pigment dispersants in coatings are synthetic polymers, polycarboxylic acids, coupling agents and so on.
在涂料中使用颜料分散剂，可增加涂膜的光泽，改善流平性，提高涂料的着色和遮盖力，防止浮色、沉降，提高生产效率和涂料的贮存稳定性。颜料分散剂在纺织工业的印染中也有较广泛的应用。
The use of pigment dispersant in coatings can increase the gloss of coatings, improve leveling, improve the colouring and covering power of coatings, prevent floatation and sedimentation, and improve production efficiency and storage stability of coatings. Pigment dispersants are also widely used in textile industry.