保定市分散剂厂

分散剂的基本结构及类型

Basic structure and types of dispersant

分散剂又称湿润分散剂，它除具有湿润作用外，其活性基团一端能吸附在粉碎成细小微料的颜料表面，另一端溶剂化进入漆基形成吸附层（吸附基越多，链节越长，吸附层越厚），产生电荷斥力（水性涂料）或熵斥力（溶剂型涂料），使颜料粒子长期分散悬浮于漆基中，避免再次絮凝，因而保证制成的色漆体系的贮存稳定。

Dispersant is also known as wetting dispersant. In addition to its wetting effect, one end of its active group can be adsorbed on the surface of the pigment crushed into fine particles, and the other end is solvated into the paint base to form an adsorption layer (the more the adsorption base, the longer the chain link, the thicker the adsorption layer), and generate charge repulsion force (water-based coating) or entropy repulsion force (solvent based coating), so that the pigment particles can be dispersed and suspended in the paint for a long time In the base, avoid flocculation again, so as to ensure the storage stability of the paint system.

分散剂有很多种，初步估算，现存世界上有1000多种物质具有分散作用。现按其结构来区分，可分为：

There are many kinds of dispersants. According to preliminary estimation, there are more than 1000 kinds of dispersants in the world. According to its structure, it can be divided into:

1.1 阴离子型润湿分散剂

1.1 anionic wetting and dispersing agent

大部分是由非极性带负电荷的亲油的碳氢链部分和极性的亲水的基团构成。两种基团分别处在分子的两端，形成不对称的亲水亲油分子结构。它的品种有；油酸钠C17H33COONa、羧酸盐、硫酸酯盐（R-O-SO3Na）、磺酸盐（R- SO3Na），等等。阴离子分散剂相容性好，被广泛应用于水性涂料和水性墨。多元羧酸聚合物等也可应用于溶剂型涂料，并作为受控絮凝型分散剂广泛使用。

Most of them are composed of nonpolar lipophilic hydrocarbon chain with negative charge and polar hydrophilic groups. The two groups are located at the two ends of the molecule, forming an asymmetric hydrophilic and lipophilic molecular structure. Its varieties are: sodium oleate C17H33COONa, carboxylate, sulfate (r-o-so3na), sulfonate (r-so3na), etc. Anionic dispersants are widely used in waterborne coatings and inks due to their good compatibility. Polycarboxylate polymers can also be used in solvent based coatings and widely used as controlled flocculating dispersants.

1.2 阳离子型润湿分散剂

1.2 cationic wetting and dispersing agent

是非极性基带正电荷的化合物。主要有胺盐、季胺盐、吡啶鎓盐等。阳离子表面活性剂吸附力强，对炭黑、各种氧化铁、有机颜料类分散效果较好，但要注意其与基料中羧基起化学反应，还要注意不要与阴离子分散剂同时使用。

It is a non-polar base band positive charge compound. There are mainly amine salt, quaternary amine salt, pyridinium salt and so on. The cationic surfactant has strong adsorption capacity and has good dispersing effect on carbon black, various iron oxides and organic pigments. However, attention should be paid to its chemical reaction with carboxyl group in the base material, and it should not be used with anionic dispersant at the same time.

1.3 非离子型润湿分散剂

1.3 nonionic wetting dispersant

在水中不电离、不带电荷。在颜料表面吸附比较弱，主要在水系涂料中使用。主要分为乙二醇性和多元醇型。降低表面张力和提高润湿性。与阴离子型分散剂配合使用作为润湿剂或乳化剂，广泛应用于水性色浆、水性涂料及油墨。

It is not ionized and charged in water. The adsorption on the surface of pigment is weak, and it is mainly used in water-based coatings. It is mainly divided into glycol type and polyol type. Reduce surface tension and improve wettability. As wetting agent or emulsifier, it is widely used in water-based color paste, water-based coating and ink.

1.4 两性型润湿分散剂

1.4 amphoteric wetting dispersant

是由阴离子和阳离子所组成的化合物。典型应用的是磷酸酯盐型的高分子聚合物。这类聚合物酸值较高，可能会影响层间附着力。

It is a compound composed of anions and cations. The typical application is phosphate type polymer. This kind of polymer has high acid value, which may affect the interlayer adhesion.